中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
以新安全格局保障新发展格局****** 作者:徐明(北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心特约研究员、中国社会科学院大学国家治理现代化与社会组织研究中心主任) 党的二十大报告提出,“统筹发展和安全,全力战胜前进道路上各种困难和挑战”“以新安全格局保障新发展格局”。立足新发展阶段,构建新发展格局,推动高质量发展,必须抓好发展和安全两件大事,有效防范和应对各类风险挑战。 处理好发展和安全的关系 发展是党执政兴国的第一要务,是解决我国一切问题的基础和关键。国家安全是民族复兴的根基,是安邦定国的重要基石。谈及发展和安全的关系,习近平总书记指出,“我们越来越深刻地认识到,安全是发展的前提,发展是安全的保障”。 新时代以来,我们坚持加强党的全面领导和党中央集中统一领导,着力推动高质量发展,坚决维护国家安全,防范化解重大风险,保持社会大局稳定,牢牢掌握了我国发展和安全主动权,取得了伟大成就。我国国内生产总值增长到114万亿元,经济总量稳居世界第二位。谷物总产量稳居世界首位,14亿多人的粮食安全、能源安全得到有效保障。持续加强科技创新和制度创新,增强产业链供应链自主可控水平,经济实力、科技实力、综合国力跃上新的大台阶。 同时也要清醒看到,世界百年未有之大变局加速演进,逆全球化思潮抬头,单边主义、保护主义明显上升,来自外部的风险挑战始终存在并日益凸显。我国推进高质量发展还有许多卡点瓶颈,确保粮食、能源、产业链供应链可靠安全和防范金融风险还须解决许多重大问题。我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期,各种“黑天鹅”“灰犀牛”事件随时可能发生,需要应对的风险挑战、防范化解的矛盾问题比以往更加严峻复杂。 迈上全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程,必须处理好发展和安全的关系,努力实现高质量发展和高水平安全的良性互动。一方面,要善于运用发展成果夯实国家安全的实力基础。完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念,坚持高水平对外开放,加快构建以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局,为全面建成社会主义现代化强国奠定坚实的物质技术基础。另一方面,要善于塑造有利于经济社会发展的安全环境。坚定不移贯彻总体国家安全观,把维护国家安全贯穿党和国家工作各方面全过程,确保国家安全和社会稳定。 加强重点领域安全能力建设 党的二十大报告对“加快构建新发展格局,着力推动高质量发展”以及“推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,坚决维护国家安全和社会稳定”进行了重要部署。新时代新征程,更好统筹发展和安全,必须坚持党的全面领导特别是党中央集中统一领导,坚持发展和安全并重,加强重点领域安全能力建设。 着力提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平。产业链供应链稳定安全是构建新发展格局的基础。要加快建设现代化产业体系,围绕制造业重点产业链,找准关键核心技术和零部件薄弱环节,集中优质资源合力攻关,保证产业体系自主可控和安全可靠。为此,既要通过拉长长板巩固提升优势产业的国际领先地位,也要通过补齐短板尽快解决一批“卡脖子”问题。此外,还要做强做大龙头企业,做专做精中小企业,以龙头企业引领产业链供应链上下游创新生态系统建设,深化在创新研发、市场开拓等方面的合作,推进产业链、价值链、创新链、人才链和资金链的融合。要保持并巩固我国制造业传统优势以“稳链”,推动战略性新兴产业融合集群发展以“强链”,形成必要的产业备份系统以“补链”,推进产业链供应链布局优化调整以“优链”。 增强国内大循环内生动力和可靠性。要把实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合起来,既扩大有效需求,又提升供给体系对国内需求的适配性,从需求侧和供给侧两端发力,畅通国民经济循环,提高发展质量和内生动力。要依托国内超大规模市场优势,更好发挥消费的基础性作用,充分发挥投资的关键作用。要建立适应消费升级和多元化消费需求的供给体系,积极推动产业结构优化升级,着力振兴实体经济。要通过预期管理和系统化设计,在关系国家安全的领域和节点构建自主可控、安全可靠的国内生产供应体系,在关键时刻可以做到自我循环,确保在极端情况下经济正常运转。 提升国际循环质量和水平。当前,全球产业结构和布局调整既带来新挑战也孕育着新机遇。提升国际循环质量和水平,需要坚持推进高水平对外开放,深度参与全球产业分工和合作,增强国内国际两个市场两种资源联动效应。一是要继续扩大商品和要素流动型开放,提升贸易投资合作质量和水平,推动我国产业转型升级,向全球产业链价值链中高端迈进。二是要稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放,营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境。三是要完善安全审查制度,健全与开放相适应的风险防范和安全保障体系,增强在对外开放环境中动态维护国家安全的本领。 加快构建新发展格局是关系我国发展全局的重大战略任务。牢牢守住安全发展这条底线,是构建新发展格局的重要前提和保障。要推进国家安全体系和能力现代化,加快构建与新发展格局相适应的新安全格局,在确保国民经济循环畅通的同时,增强我国在全球产业链供应链创新链中的影响力。 (文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎) [责编:天天中] 阅读剩余全文() |